History of Internet
HISTORY OF THE INTERNET (Basics to Advanced)
Internet ek global system hai jisme interconnected computer networks hote hain jo standard communication protocols ka use karke duniya bhar me information aur resources share karte hain.
In short:
Internet = Network of Networks
Meaning of Internet
Internet ek global communication system hai jo computers aur networks ko duniya bhar me connect karta hai, jisse information aur services easily exchange ki ja sakti hain.
Before the Internet (Pre-1960 Period)
- Computers standalone machines ke roop me kaam karte the
- Computers ke beech communication possible nahi thi
- Data sharing punched cards aur magnetic tapes ke through hoti thi
- Information transfer slow aur costly tha
Limitations:
- No resource sharing
- No remote communication
- Low efficiency
Origin of the Internet – ARPANET (1960s)
- 1969 me U.S. Department of Defense ne ARPANET develop kiya
- Main objective:
- Secure communication
- Network jo failure ke baad bhi kaam karta rahe
- First successful connection: UCLA aur Stanford University ke beech
Key Technology Used:
Packet Switching (data ko chhote packets me tod kar bhejna)
Development During the 1970s
- ARPANET ka expansion universities aur research centers tak hua
- Multiple networks connect hone lage
- Internetworking ka concept introduce hua
- Standard communication rules ki need mehsoos hui
TCP/IP and the Birth of the Internet (1980s)
- 1983 me TCP/IP standard protocol bana
- ARPANET ne TCP/IP adopt kiya
- Isi point se modern Internet officially shuru mana jata hai
Major Developments:
- Email services
- Domain Name System (DNS)
- Military aur research networks ka separation
World Wide Web (1990s)
- 1991 me Tim Berners-Lee ne WWW invent kiya
- Location: CERN
- Introduced technologies:
- HTML
- HTTP
- Web Browsers
- Internet common users ke liye easy aur popular ho gaya
Internet Expansion (2000s)
- Dial-up ki jagah broadband aaya
- Websites aur search engines ka rapid growth
- E-commerce aur social networking ka development
- Wireless aur Wi-Fi technology introduce hui
Mobile Internet & Cloud Computing (2010s)
- Smartphones ka rapid growth
- High-speed mobile networks (3G, 4G)
- Cloud computing services ka introduction
- Online education aur digital services increase hui
Modern Internet (2020s – Advanced Stage)
- 5G technology ka introduction
- Internet of Things (IoT) ka growth
- Artificial Intelligence ka use Internet services ke saath
- Smart homes, smart cities aur automation
Challenges:
- Cybersecurity threats
- Data privacy issues
- Digital dependency
Timeline Summary
| Year | Development |
|---|---|
| 1969 | ARPANET developed |
| 1983 | TCP/IP adopted |
| 1991 | World Wide Web introduced |
| 2000s | Broadband & E-commerce |
| 2010s | Mobile Internet & Cloud |
| 2020s | 5G, IoT & AI |